¹tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
²tn Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 10, 12, 19).
³sn The phrase the City of David refers here to the fortress of Zion in Jerusalem, not to Bethlehem. See 2 Sam 5:7.
⁴sn A number of times in 2 Chronicles “Israel” is used instead of the more specific “Judah”; see 2 Chr 12:6; 23:2). In the interest of consistency some translations (e.g., NAB, NRSV) substitute “Judah” for “Israel” here.
⁵tn Heb “and Jehoram arose over the kingdom of his father and strengthened himself.”
⁶tn Heb “and he killed all his brothers with the sword.”
⁷map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
⁸tn Heb “he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, just as the house of Ahab did, for the daughter of Ahab was his wife.”
⁹tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
¹⁰tn Heb “house.”
¹¹tn Or “covenant.”
¹²tn Heb “which he made to David, just as he had promised to give him and his sons a lamp all the days.” Here “lamp” is metaphorical, symbolizing the Davidic dynasty.
¹³tn Heb “his”; the referent (Jehoram) has been specified in the translation for clarity and for stylistic reasons.
¹⁴tn Heb “in his days Edom rebelled from under the hand of Judah and enthroned a king over them.”
¹⁵tc Heb “and he arose at night and defeated Edom, who had surrounded him, and the chariot officers.” The Hebrew text as it stands gives the impression that Jehoram was surrounded and launched a victorious nighttime counterattack. Yet v. 10 goes on to state that the Edomite revolt was successful. The translation above assumes an emendation of the Hebrew text. Adding a third masculine singular pronominal suffix to the accusative sign before Edom (reading wta, “him,” instead of just ta) and taking Edom as the subject of verbs allows one to translate the verse in a way that is more consistent with the context, which depicts an Israelite defeat, not victory. See also 2 Kgs 8:21.
¹⁶tn Heb “and Edom rebelled from under the hand of Judah until this day.”
¹⁷tn Or “from Jehoram’s control”; Heb “from under his hand.” The pronominal suffix may refer to Judah in general or, more specifically, to Jehoram.
¹⁸tn Heb “he.” This pronoun could refer to Judah, but the context focuses on Jehoram’s misdeeds. See especially v. 11.
¹⁹tn Heb “and he caused the residents of Jerusalem to commit adultery.” In this context spiritual unfaithfulness to the Lord is in view rather than physical adultery.
²⁰tn Heb “and drove Judah away.”
²¹tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehoram) has been specified in the translation for clarity and for stylistic reasons.
²²tn Heb “Because you…” In the Hebrew text this lengthy sentence is completed in vv. 14-15. Because of its length and complexity (and the tendency of contemporary English to use shorter sentences), the translation has divided it up into several English sentences.
²³tn Heb “walked in the ways.”
²⁴tn Heb “in the ways of.”
²⁵tn Heb “and you walked in the way of the kings of Israel and caused Judah and the residents of Jerusalem to commit adultery, like the house of Ahab causes to commit adultery.”
²⁶tn Heb “the house of your father.”
²⁷tn Heb “to strike with a great striking.”
²⁸tn Heb “and you [will have] a serious illness, an illness of the intestines until your intestines come out because of the illness days upon days.”
²⁹tn Heb “the spirit of the Philistines.”
³⁰tn Heb “broke it up.”
³¹tn Heb “all the property which was found in the house of the king.”
³²tn Heb “in his intestines with an illness [for which] there was no healer.”
³³tn Heb “and it was to days from days, and about the time of the going out of the end for the days, two, his intestines came out with his illness and he died in severe illness.”
³⁴tn Heb “and his people did not make for him a fire, like the fire of his fathers.”
³⁵tn Heb “and he went without desire.”
³⁶sn The phrase the City of David refers here to the fortress of Zion in Jerusalem, not to Bethlehem. See 2 Sam 5:7.