¹sn The Lord’s throne symbolizes his kingship.
²tn Heb “all around.”
³tn The translation assumes that the prefixed verbal form in the first line is an imperfect (“are ashamed”) and that the ambiguous form in the third line is a perfect (“bow down”) because the psalmist appears to be describing the effect of the Lord’s mighty theophany on those who witness it (see vv. 5, 8). Another option is to take the prefixed form in the first line as a jussive (“let all who worship idols be ashamed”) and the ambiguous form in the third line as an imperative (“All you gods, bow down before him!”; cf. NIV).
⁴tn Heb “daughters.” The term “daughters” refers to the cities of Judah surrounding Zion (see Ps 48:11 and TDOT 2:336).
⁵tn Traditionally “Most High.”
⁶tn The participle may be verbal, though it might also be understood as substantival and appositional to “the Lord.” In this case one could translate, “Hate evil, you who love the Lord, the one who protects the lives…and delivers them.”
⁷tn Heb “hand.”
⁸tn Heb “Light is planted for the godly, and for the upright of heart joy.” The translation assumes an emendation of urz (“planted”) to jrz (“shines”) which collocates more naturally with “light.” “Light” here symbolizes the joy (note the following line) that accompanies deliverance and the outpouring of divine favor.
⁹tn Heb “to his holy remembrance.” The Hebrew noun rkz (“remembrance”) here refers to the name of the Lord as invoked in liturgy and praise. See HALOT 271 and Pss 6:5; 30:4. The Lord’s “name” is “holy” in the sense that it is a reminder of his uniqueness and greatness.
¹⁰sn Psalm 98. The psalmist summons the whole earth to praise God because he reveals his justice and delivers Israel.